ubuntu必備操作

1 更換apt鏡像源

1. 備份鏡像

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 查看自己ubuntu版本

# 查看自己的codename
#查看自己的ubuntu版本[注意關(guān)注：DISTRIB_CODENAME，發(fā)行代號(hào)]
cat /etc/*release# DISTRIB_CODENAME=cosmic
# 例如(下面是ubuntu的LTS長(zhǎng)期支持版)：
# Ubuntu20.04（focal）
# Ubuntu19.10（eoan）
# Ubuntu19.04（disco）
# Ubuntu18.04（bionic）
# Ubuntu16.04（xenial）

3. 設(shè)置國(guó)內(nèi)鏡像源

我ubuntu的版本是18.10，國(guó)內(nèi)上沒有維護(hù)對(duì)應(yīng)的鏡像，但是大版本一致即可（所以我采用了bionic）

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic  main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4. 更新軟件列表，完成換源

apt update

5. 修復(fù)損壞的軟件包

apt-get install  -f

6. 更新軟件

apt-get upgrade

2 其他命令

①防火墻相關(guān)

# 查看防火墻狀態(tài)
sudo ufw status
# 開啟/關(guān)閉防火墻
sudo ufw enable/disable