server 上下文

server {
}

server指令用于配置一個(gè)虛擬服務(wù)。listen指令描述了本服務(wù)可接受鏈接的所有地址和端口，server_name指令列舉了所有服務(wù)的名字，例如

server {listen      80;server_name example.org www.example.org;
}

listen 指令

Syntax:	
listen address[:port] [default_server] [ssl] [http2 | quic] [proxy_protocol] [setfib=number] [fastopen=number] [backlog=number] [rcvbuf=size] [sndbuf=size] [accept_filter=filter] [deferred] [bind] [ipv6only=on|off] [reuseport] [so_keepalive=on|off|[keepidle]:[keepintvl]:[keepcnt]];listen port [default_server] [ssl] [http2 | quic] [proxy_protocol] [setfib=number] [fastopen=number] [backlog=number] [rcvbuf=size] [sndbuf=size] [accept_filter=filter] [deferred] [bind] [ipv6only=on|off] [reuseport] [so_keepalive=on|off|[keepidle]:[keepintvl]:[keepcnt]];listen unix:path [default_server] [ssl] [http2 | quic] [proxy_protocol] [backlog=number] [rcvbuf=size] [sndbuf=size] [accept_filter=filter] [deferred] [bind] [so_keepalive=on|off|[keepidle]:[keepintvl]:[keepcnt]];Default:	listen *:80 | *:8000;
Context:	server

例如一些常見(jiàn)的用法，listen指令指定了該服務(wù)監(jiān)聽(tīng)的地址和端口

listen 127.0.0.1:8000;
listen 127.0.0.1;	# 不加端口，默認(rèn)80
listen 8000;
listen *:8000;
listen localhost:8000;#IPv6 addresses
listen [::]:8000;
listen [::1];

server_name 指令

Syntax:	server_name name ...;
Default:	
server_name "";
Context:	server

設(shè)置虛擬服務(wù)的名字，可以使用通配符和正則表達(dá)式

server_name example.com www.example.com;server_name example.com *.example.com www.example.*;server_name www.example.com ~^www\d+\.example\.com$;

多服務(wù)請(qǐng)求處理

當(dāng)有多個(gè)服務(wù)時(shí)，nginx如何決定使用哪個(gè)server進(jìn)行處理呢？例如在*:80端口監(jiān)聽(tīng)了多個(gè)服務(wù)：

server {listen 80 default_server;server_name test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'Default Main Server\n';}
}server {listen 80;server_name zh.test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'Chinese Server\n';}
}server {listen 80;server_name en.test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'English Server\n';}
}

nginx 將通過(guò)測(cè)試請(qǐng)求頭中的Host字段來(lái)決定使用哪個(gè)服務(wù)。如果沒(méi)有server name 被匹配到，或者請(qǐng)求中不包含請(qǐng)求頭，則使用該端口的默認(rèn)服務(wù)。listen指令中的default_server可以用來(lái)顯式配置默認(rèn)服務(wù)，如果沒(méi)有該字段，那么默認(rèn)使用該端口的第一個(gè)服務(wù)。

使用curl請(qǐng)求測(cè)試，分別得到

$ curl -H ‘Host: test.com' -v localhost 
Default Main Server
$ curl -H ‘Host: zh.test.com' -v localhost 
Chinese Server
$ curl -H ‘Host: en.test.com' -v localhost 
English Server

name-based 和 IP-based混合虛擬服務(wù)

服務(wù)器可以有多個(gè)公網(wǎng)IP以及解析多個(gè)域名，如下配置：

server {listen 127.0.0.2:80;server_name test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'Default Main Server\n';}
}server {listen 127.0.0.1:80;server_name zh.test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'Chinese Server\n';}
}server {listen 127.0.0.1:80;server_name en.test.com;default_type text/html;location / {return 200 'English Server\n';}
}

訪問(wèn)測(cè)試：

$ curl -H 'Host: test.com' -v 127.0.0.1
Chinese Server
$ curl -H 'Host: test.com' -v 127.0.0.2
Default Main Server
$ curl -H 'Host: zh.test.com' -v 127.0.0.1
Chinese Server
$ curl -H 'Host: zh.test.com' -v 127.0.0.2
Default Main Server