在設(shè)計中加入一個頂層接口是有益的，特別是當(dāng)您希望實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的接口來處理所有類型的排行榜數(shù)據(jù)時。這樣做可以提供更好的靈活性和擴(kuò)展性，同時保持代碼的整潔和易于維護(hù)。

設(shè)計概述

1. 接口: 定義一個?RankingDataCollector?接口，它定義了所有數(shù)據(jù)收集器應(yīng)該遵循的方法簽名。
2. 抽象基類: 定義一個抽象基類?RankingPageParser，它包含所有解析器共有的方法和屬性。
3. 具體解析器: 每個數(shù)據(jù)來源都有一個對應(yīng)的子類，如?ToutiaoRankingParser、WeiboRankingParser?等。
4. 工廠模式: 使用工廠模式來根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)來源創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的解析器實(shí)例。

classDiagramclass RankingDataCollector{+List<String> collectData(String url)}class RankingPageParser{+String url+Document parsePage()abstract +List<String> extractTitles()}class ToutiaoRankingParser{+RankingPageParser(url: String)+List<String> extractTitles()}class WeiboRankingParser{+RankingPageParser(url: String)+List<String> extractTitles()}class RankingParserFactory{+static RankingPageParser createParser(String platform, String url)}RankingPageParser <|-- ToutiaoRankingParserRankingPageParser <|-- WeiboRankingParserRankingDataCollector <|-- ToutiaoRankingParserRankingDataCollector <|-- WeiboRankingParser

Java 實(shí)現(xiàn)示例

1. 接口?RankingDataCollector

public interface RankingDataCollector {List<String> collectData(String url);
}

2. 抽象基類?RankingPageParser

public abstract class RankingPageParser implements RankingDataCollector {protected String url;public RankingPageParser(String url) {this.url = url;}public Document parsePage() throws IOException {return Jsoup.connect(url).get();}public abstract List<String> extractTitles();@Overridepublic List<String> collectData(String url) {this.url = url;return extractTitles();}
}

3. 具體解析器

public class ToutiaoRankingParser extends RankingPageParser {public ToutiaoRankingParser(String url) {super(url);}@Overridepublic List<String> extractTitles() {List<String> titles = new ArrayList<>();try {Document doc = parsePage();Elements titleWraps = doc.select(".list-container .title-wrap");for (Element titleWrap : titleWraps) {String titleText = titleWrap.text();titles.add(titleText);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return titles;}
}public class WeiboRankingParser extends RankingPageParser {public WeiboRankingParser(String url) {super(url);}@Overridepublic List<String> extractTitles() {List<String> titles = new ArrayList<>();try {Document doc = parsePage();Elements titleElements = doc.select(".weibo-rank .rank-item .title");for (Element titleElement : titleElements) {String titleText = titleElement.text();titles.add(titleText);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return titles;}
}

4. 工廠模式

public class RankingParserFactory {public static RankingPageParser createParser(String platform, String url) {switch (platform) {case "toutiao":return new ToutiaoRankingParser(url);case "weibo":return new WeiboRankingParser(url);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported platform: " + platform);}}
}

5. 使用示例

public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {String url = "https://example.com/toutiao-ranking";RankingDataCollector collector = RankingParserFactory.createParser("toutiao", url);List<String> titles = collector.collectData(url);System.out.println("Collected Titles: " + titles);}
}

通過這樣的設(shè)計，您可以輕松地添加新的數(shù)據(jù)來源或更改現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)源的解析邏輯，只需實(shí)現(xiàn) RankingPageParser 抽象類或擴(kuò)展 RankingDataCollector 接口即可。這種設(shè)計模式使得代碼更加模塊化和易于維護(hù)。