深圳住房建設(shè)廳網(wǎng)站首頁搜索量查詢
文章目錄
- 基本查詢回顧
- 多表查詢
- 自連接
- 子查詢
- 單行子查詢
- 多行子查詢
- 多列子查詢
- 在from子句中使用子查詢
- 合并查詢
- union
- union all
基本查詢回顧
查詢的員工部門表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_scott |
+-----------------+
| dept |
| emp |
| salgrade |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc dept;
+--------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(2) unsigned zerofill | NO | | NULL | |
| dname | varchar(14) | YES | | NULL | |
| loc | varchar(13) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc emp;
+----------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| empno | int(6) unsigned zerofill | NO | | NULL | |
| ename | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| job | varchar(9) | YES | | NULL | |
| mgr | int(4) unsigned zerofill | YES | | NULL | |
| hiredate | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| sal | decimal(7,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| comm | decimal(7,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| deptno | int(2) unsigned zerofill | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc salgrade;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| grade | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| losal | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| hisal | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查詢工資高于500或崗位為MANAGER的雇員,同時(shí)還要滿足他們的姓名首字母為大寫的J:
mysql> select job, ename, sal from emp where (sal>500 or job='MANAGER') and ename like 'J%';
+---------+-------+---------+
| job | ename | sal |
+---------+-------+---------+
| MANAGER | JONES | 2975.00 |
| CLERK | JAMES | 950.00 |
+---------+-------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
按照部門號(hào)升序而雇員的工資降序排序:
mysql> select ename, sal, deptno from emp order by deptno asc, sal desc;
+--------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+--------+---------+--------+
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 |
| SMITH | 800.00 | 20 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 30 |
+--------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用年薪進(jìn)行降序排序:
mysql> select ename, sal*12+ifnull(comm,0) year_sal from emp order by year_sal desc;
+--------+----------+
| ename | year_sal |
+--------+----------+
| KING | 60000.00 |
| SCOTT | 36000.00 |
| FORD | 36000.00 |
| JONES | 35700.00 |
| BLAKE | 34200.00 |
| CLARK | 29400.00 |
| ALLEN | 19500.00 |
| TURNER | 18000.00 |
| MARTIN | 16400.00 |
| MILLER | 15600.00 |
| WARD | 15500.00 |
| ADAMS | 13200.00 |
| JAMES | 11400.00 |
| SMITH | 9600.00 |
+--------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示工資最高的員工的名字和工作崗位:
mysql> select ename, job from emp where sal=(select max(sal) from emp);
+-------+-----------+
| ename | job |
+-------+-----------+
| KING | PRESIDENT |
+-------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
顯示工資高于平均工資的員工信息:
mysql> select ename, sal from emp where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp);
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示每個(gè)部門的平均工資和最高工資:
mysql> select deptno, max(sal), avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;
+--------+----------+-------------+
| deptno | max(sal) | avg(sal) |
+--------+----------+-------------+
| 10 | 5000.00 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 2850.00 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+----------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示平均工資低于2000的部門號(hào)和它的平均工資:
mysql> select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno having avg_sal<2000;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avg_sal |
+--------+-------------+
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
顯示每種崗位的雇員總數(shù),平均工資:
mysql> select job, count(*) '雇員總數(shù)', avg(sal) '平均工資' from emp group by job;
+-----------+--------------+--------------+
| job | 雇員總數(shù) | 平均工資 |
+-----------+--------------+--------------+
| ANALYST | 2 | 3000.000000 |
| CLERK | 4 | 1037.500000 |
| MANAGER | 3 | 2758.333333 |
| PRESIDENT | 1 | 5000.000000 |
| SALESMAN | 4 | 1400.000000 |
+-----------+--------------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
多表查詢
在實(shí)際中往往數(shù)據(jù)來自不同的表,所以需要多表查詢。本節(jié)我們用一個(gè)簡單的公司管理系統(tǒng),有三張表EMP,DEPT,SALGRADE來演示如何進(jìn)行多表查詢:
案例:
顯示雇員名、雇員工資以及所在部門的名字:
因?yàn)樯厦娴臄?shù)據(jù)來自EMP和DEPT表,因此要聯(lián)合查詢
mysql> select * from emp, dept limit 12;
+--------+-------+----------+------+---------------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno | deptno | dname | loc |
+--------+-------+----------+------+---------------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+--------+-------+----------+------+---------------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此時(shí)就需要對表的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選,只要emp表中的deptno = dept表中的deptno字段的記錄:
mysql> select ename, sal, dname from emp, dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+--------+---------+------------+
| ename | sal | dname |
+--------+---------+------------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | RESEARCH |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALES |
| WARD | 1250.00 | SALES |
| JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | SALES |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH |
| KING | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | RESEARCH |
| JAMES | 950.00 | SALES |
| FORD | 3000.00 | RESEARCH |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示部門號(hào)為10的部門名,員工名和工資:
mysql> select emp.deptno, dname, ename, sal from emp, dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and emp.deptno=10;
+--------+------------+--------+---------+
| deptno | dname | ename | sal |
+--------+------------+--------+---------+
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | CLARK | 2450.00 |
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | KING | 5000.00 |
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+------------+--------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示各個(gè)員工的姓名,工資,及工資級(jí)別:
mysql> select ename, sal, grade from emp,salgrade where sal between losal and hisal;
+--------+---------+-------+
| ename | sal | grade |
+--------+---------+-------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | 1 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 3 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 2 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 2 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 4 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 4 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 4 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 5 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 3 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 1 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 1 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 4 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 2 |
+--------+---------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
自連接
自連接是指在同一張表連接查詢
案例:
顯示員工FORD的上級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的編號(hào)和姓名:
- 子查詢
mysql> select empno, ename from emp where empno=(select mgr from emp where ename='FORD');
+--------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+--------+-------+
| 007566 | JONES |
+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 使用多表查詢(自查詢)
mysql> select leader.empno, leader.ename from emp leader,emp worker where worker.mgr=leader.empno and worker.ename='FORD';
+--------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+--------+-------+
| 007566 | JONES |
+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
子查詢
子查詢是指嵌入在其他sql語句中的select語句,也叫嵌套查詢
單行子查詢
返回一行記錄的子查詢
顯示SMITH同一部門的員工:
mysql> select ename, job from emp where job=(select job from emp where ename='SMITH');
+--------+-------+
| ename | job |
+--------+-------+
| SMITH | CLERK |
| ADAMS | CLERK |
| JAMES | CLERK |
| MILLER | CLERK |
+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
多行子查詢
返回多行記錄的子查詢
- in關(guān)鍵字:查詢和10號(hào)部門的工作崗位相同的雇員的名字,崗位,工資,部門號(hào),但是不包含10號(hào)部門:
mysql> select ename, job, sal, deptno from emp where job in(select job from emp where deptno=10);
+--------+-----------+---------+--------+
| ename | job | sal | deptno |
+--------+-----------+---------+--------+
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 | 20 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 | 30 |
| CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 | 10 |
| KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 | 10 |
| SMITH | CLERK | 800.00 | 20 |
| ADAMS | CLERK | 1100.00 | 20 |
| JAMES | CLERK | 950.00 | 30 |
| MILLER | CLERK | 1300.00 | 10 |
+--------+-----------+---------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- all關(guān)鍵字:顯示工資比部門30的所有員工的工資高的員工的姓名、工資和部門號(hào)
mysql> select ename, sal, deptno from emp where sal > all(select sal from emp where deptno=30);
+-------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+-------+---------+--------+
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
+-------+---------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- any關(guān)鍵字:顯示工資比部門30的任意員工的工資高的員工的姓名、工資和部門號(hào)
mysql> select ename, sal, deptno from emp where sal > any(select sal from emp where deptno=30);
+--------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+--------+---------+--------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 |
+--------+---------+--------+
12 rows in set (0.01 sec)
多列子查詢
單行子查詢是指子查詢只返回單列,單行數(shù)據(jù)。多行子查詢是指返回單列多行數(shù)據(jù),都是針對單列而言的,而多列子查詢則是指查詢返回多個(gè)列數(shù)據(jù)的子查詢語句。
查詢和SMITH的部門和崗位完全相同的所有雇員,不含SMITH本人:
mysql> select ename from emp where (deptno, job) = (select deptno, job from emp where ename='SMITH') and ename!='SMITH';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| ADAMS |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在from子句中使用子查詢
子查詢語句出現(xiàn)在from子句中。這里要用到數(shù)據(jù)查詢的技巧,把一個(gè)子查詢當(dāng)做一個(gè)臨時(shí)表使用。
顯示每個(gè)高于自己部門平均工資的員工的姓名、部門、工資、平均工資:
mysql> select ename, emp.deptno, sal, avg_tb.avg_sal from emp, > (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) avg_tb> where emp.deptno=avg_tb.deptno and emp.sal>avg_tb.avg_sal;
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
| ename | deptno | sal | avg_sal |
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
| ALLEN | 30 | 1600.00 | 1566.666667 |
| JONES | 20 | 2975.00 | 2175.000000 |
| BLAKE | 30 | 2850.00 | 1566.666667 |
| SCOTT | 20 | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
| KING | 10 | 5000.00 | 2916.666667 |
| FORD | 20 | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
+-------+--------+---------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查找每個(gè)部門工資最高的人的姓名、工資、部門、最高工資:
mysql> select ename, sal, emp.deptno, max_tb.max_sal from emp, >(select deptno, max(sal) max_sal from emp group by deptno) max_tb > where emp.deptno=max_tb.deptno and emp.sal=max_tb.max_sal;
+-------+---------+--------+---------+
| ename | sal | deptno | max_sal |
+-------+---------+--------+---------+
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+--------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
顯示每個(gè)部門的信息(部門名,編號(hào),地址)和人員數(shù)量:
- 方法一:使用多表查詢
mysql> select dept.dname, emp.deptno, dept.loc, count(*) cnt from emp, dept > where emp.deptno=dept.deptno group by dept.deptno, dept.loc, dept.dname;
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
| dname | deptno | loc | cnt |
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
| ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK | 3 |
| RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS | 5 |
| SALES | 30 | CHICAGO | 6 |
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 方法二:使用子查詢
mysql> select dname, dept.deptno, loc, cnt_tb.cnt from dept, > (select emp.deptno, count(*) cnt from emp group by deptno) cnt_tb > where deept.deptno=cnt_tb.deptno;
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
| dname | deptno | loc | cnt |
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
| ACCOUNTING | 10 | NEW YORK | 3 |
| RESEARCH | 20 | DALLAS | 5 |
| SALES | 30 | CHICAGO | 6 |
+------------+--------+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
合并查詢
union
該操作符用于取得兩個(gè)結(jié)果集的并集。當(dāng)使用該操作符時(shí),會(huì)自動(dòng)去掉結(jié)果集中的重復(fù)行。
將工資大于2500或職位是MANAGER的人找出來:
mysql> select ename, job, sal from emp where sal>2500 union select ename, job, sal from emp where job='MANAGER';
+-------+-----------+---------+
| ename | job | sal |
+-------+-----------+---------+
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 |
| KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 |
| FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 |
| CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 |
+-------+-----------+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
union all
該操作符用于取得兩個(gè)結(jié)果集的并集。當(dāng)使用該操作符時(shí),不會(huì)去掉結(jié)果集中的重復(fù)行。
將工資大于2500或職位是MANAGER的人找出來:
mysql> select ename, job, sal from emp where sal>2500 union all select ename, job, sal from emp where job='MANAGER';
+-------+-----------+---------+
| ename | job | sal |
+-------+-----------+---------+
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | ANALYST | 3000.00 |
| KING | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 |
| FORD | ANALYST | 3000.00 |
| JONES | MANAGER | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | MANAGER | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | MANAGER | 2450.00 |
+-------+-----------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)