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簡介

Axon Framework是一個用于構(gòu)建CQRS（命令查詢職責(zé)分離）和事件溯源（Event Sourcing）應(yīng)用的框架，而Spring Boot提供了快速開發(fā)能力。二者結(jié)合可高效實(shí)現(xiàn)高擴(kuò)展性、可維護(hù)的分布式系統(tǒng)。

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環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

• JDK 17+
• Spring Boot 3.2+
• Axon Framework 4.9+
• Maven/Gradle

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步驟詳解

1. 創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目

使用start.spring.io生成基礎(chǔ)項(xiàng)目，選擇：

• Spring Web
• Lombok（可選）

2. 添加Axon依賴

<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependency><groupId>org.axonframework</groupId><artifactId>axon-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>

3. 配置Axon（可選）

# application.yml
axon:serializer:general: jacksoneventhandling:processors:default: tracking

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示例：銀行賬戶管理

1. 定義命令(Command)

// 開戶命令
public record CreateAccountCommand(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}// 存款命令
public record DepositMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}// 取款命令
public record WithdrawMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}

2. 定義事件(Event)

// 賬戶創(chuàng)建事件
public record AccountCreatedEvent(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}// 存款事件
public record MoneyDepositedEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}// 取款事件
public record MoneyWithdrawnEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}

3. 創(chuàng)建聚合根(Aggregate)

@Aggregate
@Getter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class BankAccountAggregate {@AggregateIdentifierprivate String accountId;private int balance;@CommandHandlerpublic BankAccountAggregate(CreateAccountCommand command) {apply(new AccountCreatedEvent(command.accountId(), command.initialBalance()));}@CommandHandlerpublic void handle(DepositMoneyCommand command) {apply(new MoneyDepositedEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));}@CommandHandlerpublic void handle(WithdrawMoneyCommand command) {if (balance < command.amount()) {throw new InsufficientBalanceException();}apply(new MoneyWithdrawnEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {this.accountId = event.accountId();this.balance = event.initialBalance();}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {balance += event.amount();}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {balance -= event.amount();}
}

4. 創(chuàng)建Query處理

@Service
public class AccountQueryService {private final Map<String, Integer> accounts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();@EventHandlerpublic void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {accounts.put(event.accountId(), event.initialBalance());}@EventHandlerpublic void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v + event.amount());}@EventHandlerpublic void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v - event.amount());}@QueryHandlerpublic Integer handle(GetBalanceQuery query) {return accounts.get(query.accountId());}
}

5. 創(chuàng)建REST接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/accounts")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AccountController {private final CommandGateway commandGateway;private final QueryGateway queryGateway;@PostMappingpublic CompletableFuture<String> createAccount(@RequestBody CreateAccountRequest request) {return commandGateway.send(new CreateAccountCommand(UUID.randomUUID().toString(),request.initialBalance()));}@GetMapping("/{accountId}/balance")public CompletableFuture<Integer> getBalance(@PathVariable String accountId) {return queryGateway.query(new GetBalanceQuery(accountId), Integer.class);}
}

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運(yùn)行與測試

1. 啟動Spring Boot應(yīng)用
2. 使用curl測試：

# 創(chuàng)建賬戶
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"initialBalance":1000}' http://localhost:8080/accounts# 查詢余額（替換{accountId}）
curl http://localhost:8080/accounts/{accountId}/balance

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關(guān)鍵配置說明

1. 序列化配置：建議使用Jackson進(jìn)行JSON序列化
2. 事件存儲：默認(rèn)使用內(nèi)存存儲，生產(chǎn)環(huán)境可配置JPA或JDBC
3. 分布式處理：通過axon-distributed-command-bus實(shí)現(xiàn)命令總線擴(kuò)展

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擴(kuò)展方向

1. 添加JPA事件存儲
2. 集成Spring Security進(jìn)行權(quán)限控制
3. 配置Saga實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜事務(wù)
4. 使用Axon Server進(jìn)行集群管理

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通過本教程，您已完成了一個基礎(chǔ)的CQRS/ES系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。建議通過Axon Dashboard監(jiān)控事件流，并逐步添加更復(fù)雜的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。